Refounding of Jerusalem as Aelia Capitolina

After the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt, the Roman Emperor Hadrian refounded Jerusalem as a Roman colony named Aelia Capitolina. The city was rebuilt with Roman-style architecture and pagan temples, including a temple dedicated to Jupiter Capitolinius.

The Jewish population was banned from entering the city except on the day of Tisha B'Av, altering the religious and cultural landscape of the region. This transformation marked a significant shift in the history of Jerusalem and the Roman province of Judaea.