In 1993, Burundi experienced a brutal ethnic conflict that resulted in a genocide primarily targeting the Hutu population. The violence erupted after the assassination of the first democratically elected Hutu president, Melchior Ndadaye, in October 1993. This event triggered widespread violence and massacres mostly carried out by Tutsi extremists.
The conflict led to the deaths of an estimated 100,000 to 300,000 people during the year. The genocide exacerbated longstanding ethnic tensions between the Hutu majority and Tutsi minority, destabilizing the country and the surrounding Great Lakes region.
International responses were limited at the time, and Burundi descended into civil war in the aftermath of the genocide, which lasted for more than a decade. Efforts towards reconciliation and peace were eventually implemented in the 2000s through various agreements and international mediation.
