During the Israel–Hamas war that began in October 2023, allegations emerged regarding the use of white phosphorus munitions by Israeli forces in Gaza and southern Lebanon. Human rights organizations reported evidence that they said indicated the use of white phosphorus in populated areas. Israeli authorities disputed or denied some of these allegations.
At the same time, discussion arose around glyphosate, a widely used herbicide known as the active ingredient in Roundup. The subject became linked to Bayer because the company acquired Monsanto in 2018, making Bayer the owner of the Roundup brand and related glyphosate products.
Some reports and commentators noted that phosphorus compounds are used throughout modern industry, including agricultural and chemical manufacturing. They highlighted Bayer's role in the agricultural sector through its ownership of Monsanto's former operations. However, publicly available evidence does not establish that Bayer manufactures or supplies white phosphorus munitions used in military operations.
The debate became part of wider discussions concerning warfare, environmental impacts, civilian protection, corporate responsibility, and international law. White phosphorus remains legal for certain military purposes, such as smoke generation and battlefield illumination, although its use in populated areas is controversial and subject to international scrutiny.
The issue continues to be discussed by governments, journalists, researchers, advocacy groups, and international organizations examining the humanitarian and environmental consequences of armed conflict.
